Definition about narrative text is a text that is used for the purpose of entertaining or amusing, creating, stimulating emotions, motivating, guiding and teaching the readers or the listeners and it usually deals with actual or vicious experience.

Narrative text such as : fable ( Mouse Deer and Crocodile ),legend/folk tables (Sangkuriang, Malin Kundang ),Fairy Tale ( Cinderella, Snow White, Pinochio)

The generic structure of Narrative text:

1. Orientation : It sets  the scene and introduces the participants (it answer the    questions = who, when, what, where)
2. Evaluation: A stepping back to evaluate the plight (the information about  the narrator’s point of view) .It’s optional.
3. Complication: A crisis or a problem arises. It usually involves the main characters
4. Resolution   : A solution to the problem (for better or worse) main characters find ways to solve the problem.

The grammatical features of narrative are:

• It uses time connectives and conjunctions.
• It uses simple past tense.
• It uses adjectives to build noun groups to describe the people, animals, or things in the story.
• It uses adverbs or adverbial phrases to locate the particular events.
• It uses of action verbs to indicate the actions.
• It uses saying and thinking verbs to indicate what characters are feeling, thinking or saying.
• It uses specific nouns
• It uses adjectives which form noun phrases.

Example Of Narrative Text:

The Starfish Story

Orientation  A friend of ours was walking down a deserted beach at sunset. As he walked along, he saw a woman in the distance.

Complication

As he grew nearer, he noticed that she kept leaning down, picking up something and throwing it out into the ocean. As our friend got even closer, he noticed that the woman was picking up starfish that had  been washed up on the beach. After that, one at a time, she was  throwing them back into the water. Our friend was puzzled. Then, he approached the woman and said, “Good evening, I was wondering what are you doing.?” “I’m throwing these starfish back into the ocean. You see, it’s low tide now and all of these starfish have been washed up onto the shore. If I don’t throw them back into the sea, they’ll die from lack of oxygen.” “I understand,” my friend replied , “but there must be thousand of starfish on this beach. You can’t possibly get to all of them. There are simply too many. And don’t you realize this is probably happening in hundreds of beaches up and down this coast? Can you see that you can’t possibly make a difference?”

Resolution

          The woman smiled, bent down and picked up yet another starfish. As she threw it back into the sea, she replied triumphantly, “Made a difference to that one!”

A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand on their own as complete sentences.

The finite forms of a verb are the forms where the verb shows tense, person or number. Non-finite verb forms have no person or number, but some types can show tense.

• Finite verb forms include: I go, she goes, he went
• Non-finite verb forms include: to go, going, gone

 In the Indo-European languages (such as English), only verbs in certain moods are finite. These include:

• the indicative mood (expressing a state of affairs); e.g., "The bulldozer demolished the restaurant," "The leaves were yellow and stiff."

• the imperative mood (giving a command); e. g., "Come here!", "Be a good boy!"
• the subjunctive mood (typically used in dependent clauses); e. g., "It is required that he go to the back of the line." (The indicative form would be "goes".)
• the optative mood (expressing a wish or hope). Non-existent as a mood in English.

Verb forms that are not finite include:

• the infinitive
• the participles (e. g., "The broken window...", "The wheezing gentleman...")
• the gerund (e. g., "I like swimming.")
• the gerundive
• the supine

It might seem that every grammatically complete sentence or clause must contain a finite verb. However, sentences lacking a finite verb were quite common in the old Indo-European languages. The most important type of these are nominal sentences.Another type are sentence fragments described as phrases or minor sentences. In Latin and some Romance languages, there are a few words that can be used to form sentences without verbs, such as Latin ecce, Portuguese eis, French voici and voilà, and Italian ecco, all of these translatable as here ... is or here ... are. Some interjections can play the same role. Even in English, a sentence like Thanks for your help! has an interjection where it could have a subject and a finite verb form (compare I appreciate your help!).

IN OTHER WORDS ::
A finite verb (sometimes called main verbs) is a verb that has a subject, this means that it can be the main verb in a sentence. It shows tense (past / present etc) or number (singular / plural).

For example:-
I live in Germany. (I is the subject - live describes what the subject does - live is a finite verb).

Non-Finite Verbs

A non-finite verb has no subject, tense or number. The only non-finite verb forms are the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle.

Definition :

Descriptive text is a text used to describe the characteristics of particular person, thing, or place.

General Structure:
▪ Identification : identifies thing, person, place, phenomenon to be described.
▪ Description   : gives the information of particular thing, person, or place being discussed or describes parts, qualities, or characteristics.

Grammatical Features :

▪Using Linking verb and Simple Present Tense
▪ Epithet: adjective or adjective phrase
▪ Attributive (the)
▪ Use of attributive and identifying process
▪ Focus on specific participants
▪ Frequent use of epithets and classifier in nominal groups

Example of Descriptive Text : Borobudur Temple

Borobudur Temple

Borobudur is Hindu – Buddhist temple. It was build in the ninth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.

Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Buddhist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular. 

Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the center of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and stairways. The design of Borobudur which symbolizes the structure of universe influences temples at Angkor, Cambodia.

Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people.

The expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.

Definition of Offering :

1. The act of making an offer.
2. Something, such as stock, that is offered.
3. A presentation made to a deity as an act of religious worship or sacrifice; an oblation.
4. A contribution or gift, especially one made at a religious service.

Offering to older people:

• Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Green?
• Should I get you a bottle of water?
• Could I offer you a glass of lemonade, Mrs. Lina?
• Would you care for some salad ?

Offering to friends:

• Want some?
• Have some.
• Chocolate?
• Glass of lemonade?
• Grab some for yourself.
• Would you like to have a pancake?
• Why don’t you have some lemonade?
• What can I get for you?
• What will you have?

Accepting an offer:

• Thank you
• Yes, please
• I’d like it very much
• Thank you, I would
• That would be very nice

Declining an offer:

• No, thanks.
• No, I really won’t. Thank you.
• Not for me, thanks.
• No, thanks. I’m not hungry. 

 Example the dialog:

Mother : You look very exhausted. Where are you from dear?
Roy      : I've just come back from hunting.
Mother : I see. Would you like to drink some water?
Roy      : Yes, Mother. Thank you.

In the dialogue, Mother is offering something to her son (Roy). Mother says "Would you like to drink some water?" to offer something. Meanwhile, Roy says, "Yes Mother, thank you."

Singkat kata, Asking for information adalah tata cara bertanya dan lebih dikenal dengan 5W+1H 

THE USE OF WH-QUESTIONS

What   - Apa

When  - Kapan

Where - Dimana

Why    – Kenapa/Mengapa

Who    - Siapa

How    - Bagaimana

 COMBINED WITH TO BE
(Is, Are, Were, Was)
 
What is … Your name?
When were … You born?
Where are … They?
Why were … They here?
Who are … Those people?
How … About you? 

COMBINED WITH AUXILIARY VERBS OR MODALS
(Do, Does, Did, Shall, Might)
 
What do … You do?
When did … You come
Where shall … we meet?
Why does … She cry?
Who might … Get my lost pen?
How could … It be?

GUESSING:
 
I’d say … I know where to find the book
It could be … somewhere in the library
Perhaps it’s … on the top of the shelf
I think it’s … not there anymore
It looks like … someone has taken the book
It’s difficult to say, but I’d guess …
It’s being borrowed by a student 

Information about Price What are you asking for this?\

What does this sell for?

How much is it?

How much does it run?

This (one) sells for $5900.

This one goes for $2900.

This one is priced at $9695.

Construction

There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:

· Could you tell me…?
· Do you know…?
· Do you happen to know…?
· I’d like to know…
· Could you find out…?
· I’m interested in…
· I’m looking for..

These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:
· I’m calling to find out…
· I’m calling about…


Here are some sample phrases and sentences for asking information in English
1. What is this? This is a table
2. What is that? That is a chair.
3. What’s this? It’s a pen.
4. What’s that? It’s an apple.
5. What are these? These are pencils.
6. What are those? Those are books.
7. Where is Mr. King? He is over there.
8. Where is Ms. Knight? She’s (right) here.
9. Where’s Johnny? He’s in the house.
10. When’s the movie? It’s at 9:00.
11. When’s lunch? Lunch is at noon.
12. How is the food? It’s delicious.

Information about company
What does your company do?
What is your specialty?
What do you specialize in?
What is your main line of business?

Information about products
Could you give me some (more) information on this?
What can you tell me about this (product)?
Tell me about this one/model.

Information about Price
What are you asking for this?
What does this sell for?
How much is it?
How much does it run?

DIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech)
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.

For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.

INDIRECT SPEECH

Indirect speech reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use question mark to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word. Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech

For example:

Direct speech   :"I'm going to the cinema", he said.

Indirect speech : He said he was going to the cinema. 

TENSE CHANGE

No	DIRECT SPEECH		INDIRECT SPEECH
	Tenses	Direct Sentence	Tenses	Indirect Sentence
1	Simple Present	Peter said, “I eat rice.”	Simple Past	Peter said that he ate rice.
2	Present Continuous	Peter said, ”I am eating rice.”	Past Continuous	Peter said that he was eating rice.
3	Present Perfect	Peter said, “I have eaten rice.”	Past Perfect	Peter said that he had eaten rice.
4	Present Perfect Continuous	Peter said, “I have been eating rice.”	Past Perfect Continuous	Peter said that he had been eating rice.
5	Simple Past	Peter said, “I ate rice.”	Past Perfect	Peter said that he had eaten rice.
6	Future	Peter said, “I will eat rice.”	Conditional	Peter said that he would eat rice.
7	Future Continuous	Peter said, ”I will be eating rice.”	Conditional Continuous	Peter said that he would be eating rice.
8	Modal	Peter said, “I can eat rice.”	Past Modal	Peter said that he could eat rice.

when we want to report what someone said , we don’t usually repeat their exact words , we use our words , we can use reporting words such as tell say as follow by “that clause”


Example  :
my  father said that she got up at 4 o’clock

Vocabulary around the house is an situation when we use english for everday in our hole life and we spelled the grammar well. Begin in our daily life at home e.g. with our parents,friends,bro,sister,grandpa,grandma,or maybe with your teachers? then, your neighboor,your lab partner,etc

Attic	People store things in the attic.
Ballroom	A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.
Box Room	A small room used for storage.
Cellar	Underneath the house.
Cloakroom	A small room where people put their coats.
Conservatory	A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.
Dining Room	A room where people eat (see eating at home).
Drawing Room	A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.
Games Room	A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall	The entrance passage to a house.
Larder	A small room used for the storage of food.
Library	A room where books are kept.
Lounge	Another name for living room.
Music Room	A room where people play music.
Office	A room where people work.
Pantry	A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Parlour	Old fashioned word for living room.
Sitting Room	Another name for living room.
Spare Room/ Guest Room	A room where guests sleep.
Toilet	A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)
Utility Room	A room where appliances such as washing machines are used.

Kitchen
* Table(s)
* Chair(s)
* Bin(s)
* Cooker(s) / oven(s)
* Microwave (oven)(s)
* fridge(s)
* dishwasher(s)
* Tap(s)
* Coffee maker(s)
* Food mixer(s)
* Coffee maker(s)
* Food mixer(s)
* Liquidizer(s)
* Saucepan(s)
* Frying pan(s)
* sieve(s)
* Kettle(s)
* teapot(s)

Things we do in the Kitchen
* People prepare food in the kitchen.
* People cook in the kitchen.
* People sometimes eat in the kitchen.
* People make coffee or tea in the kitchen.
* People put the food away in the kitchen cupboards.

Bathroom
* Chair(s)
* Basin(s)
* Bath(s)
* Toilet(s)
* Toilet roll(s)
* Toilet brush(es)
* hairdryer (hairdryers)
* toothbrush(es)
* Shaving foam razor(s)
* Toilet seat(s)

Things we do in the Bathroom
* People get dressed or undressed in the bathroom.
* People have a shave in the bathroom.
* People brush their teeth in the bathroom.
* People take a shower in the bathroom.
* People have a bath in the bathroom.

Bedroom
* Bed(s)
* Bedside cabinet(s)
* Bedside table(s)
* Dressing table(s)
* Wardrobe(s)
* Chest of drawer(s)
* Brush(es)
* Comb(s)
* Hair dryer(s)
* Pillow(s)
* Sheet(s)
* Clothes

Things we do in the Bedroom
* People listen to music in the bedroom.
* People sleep in the bedroom.
* People get dressed or undressed in the bedroom.

Rooms
* Living Room
* Settee(s)
* Armchair(s)
* Coffee table(s)
* Display cabinet(s)
* Hifi stand(s)
* TV cabinet(s)
* Television(s) / tv(s)
* Hifi(s)
* Speaker(s)
* Cushion(s)
* Rug(s)

Things we do in the Living Room
* People watch TV in the living room.
* People sit and read a book in the living room.
* People listen to music in the living room.