Direct and Indirect Speech ^-^

DIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech)
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.

For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.

INDIRECT SPEECH

Indirect speech reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use question mark to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word. Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech

For example:

Direct speech   :"I'm going to the cinema", he said.

Indirect speech : He said he was going to the cinema. 

TENSE CHANGE

No	DIRECT SPEECH		INDIRECT SPEECH
	Tenses	Direct Sentence	Tenses	Indirect Sentence
1	Simple Present	Peter said, “I eat rice.”	Simple Past	Peter said that he ate rice.
2	Present Continuous	Peter said, ”I am eating rice.”	Past Continuous	Peter said that he was eating rice.
3	Present Perfect	Peter said, “I have eaten rice.”	Past Perfect	Peter said that he had eaten rice.
4	Present Perfect Continuous	Peter said, “I have been eating rice.”	Past Perfect Continuous	Peter said that he had been eating rice.
5	Simple Past	Peter said, “I ate rice.”	Past Perfect	Peter said that he had eaten rice.
6	Future	Peter said, “I will eat rice.”	Conditional	Peter said that he would eat rice.
7	Future Continuous	Peter said, ”I will be eating rice.”	Conditional Continuous	Peter said that he would be eating rice.
8	Modal	Peter said, “I can eat rice.”	Past Modal	Peter said that he could eat rice.

when we want to report what someone said , we don’t usually repeat their exact words , we use our words , we can use reporting words such as tell say as follow by “that clause”


Example  :
my  father said that she got up at 4 o’clock